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Archive for sustainable agriculture

USDA Reports on Climate Change Effects, Adaptation for Agriculture, Forests

forest-after-fire-sun-valleyThe U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) on February 5 released “two comprehensive reports that synthesize the scientific literature on climate change effects and adaptation strategies for U.S. agriculture and forests.”

The effects of climate change will be profound and far-reaching, according to the two reports, which drew on more than 1,000 peer-reviewed studies carried out by scientists in federal service, universities, non-governmental organizations, industry, tribal lands and the private sector.

“These reports present the challenges that U.S. agriculture and forests will face in this century from global climate change,” William Hohenstein, director of the Climate Change Program Office in USDA’s Office of the Chief Economist, said in a press release. “They give us a framework for understanding the implications of climate change, in order to meet our future demands for food, feed, fiber, and fuel.” Read More→

Permaculture and Perennial Crops as a Geo-Engineering Strategy

geo-engineeringGeo-engineering has received a bad rap over the last decade as radical ideas get mixed reviews on the scientific stage.  For those not familiar, geo-engineering is a term used to describe a combination of technology, innovation and environmentalism aimed at changing the trajectory of climate change.

Historically, geo-engineering has fallen into two categories: solar radiation mitigation and carbon dioxide removal.  One strategy attempts to reduce the solar radiation received in the atmosphere by reflecting the sun’s rays.  The other strategy aims to collect and sequester carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere.

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California Start-Up Looks to Scale Up Algae Biofuel-Agriculture-BioPharma System

Aurora Algae seeks to scale up biofuel and food productionNow slamming into the Gulf Coast, Hurricane Isaac is the latest in what’s turning out be a notoriously bad year for extreme weather events in the US, the increasing frequency and severity of which fall right in line with climate scientists’ predictions of the effects rising human greenhouse gas emissions will have on global climate. Considered alongside severe drought, wildfires, shrinking Arctic sea ice cover, melting glaciers and other natural phenomena, the profound impacts of climate change on essential economic activities and broader society is becoming increasingly clear.

Oil prices, for instance, began to rise on first word of Isaac coming together as a tropical storm. It is estimated that the storm, gathering strength to reach hurricane status as it swept over warm Gulf of Mexico waters, could result in 90 percent of offshore oil platforms in the Gulf being shut down. The effects and costs flow well beyond the energy sector, notably in terms of US agricultural production.

Agricultural methods and practices used in the US are heavily dependent on a ready, cheap supply of petroleum products and fossil fuel energy. Already hit hard by another record-setting drought, rising oil prices will put another whammy on US farmers and food prices. Though many are not commercially ready, growing numbers of agricultural scientists, researchers, farmers and ranchers are working on less costly, water, energy and natural resource-intensive alternatives that function more in harmony with natural processes and the environment, as well as adaptable to changing climatic conditions.

One such example can be found at Aurora Algae. The Hayward, California-based start-up is developing a photosynthetic production platform that uses seawater, carbon dioxide (CO2), sunlight, and–you guessed it–algae to produce biofuel, fertilizer, essential food nutrients– protein and Omega-3 fatty acids, as well as pharmaceutical products. Read More→

Glacial Melting, Growing Population and Agricultural Practices Threaten Farmers, Communities in Northwest China

Climate and population pressured combined with unsustainable agricultural practices threaten communities and farmers in northwestern ChinaA crossroads for human migration and trade between Europe and Asia since time immemorial, modern ways of life in China’s northwestern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region are facing challenges brought about by global warming. Higher temperatures in the high, arid and mountainous region are causing glaciers to melt, while population growth and increasingly intensive agriculture– cotton farming in particular– are draining aquifers at faster rates.

Surrounded by ancient, legendary mountain ranges, the Tarim Basin is the largest arid inland basin in China. Glacial meltwater accounts for 40 percent of the region’s water supply. Glacial meltwater runoff has been increasing as a result of rising temperatures, but that also means the glaciers are shrinking, which, in turn, means they’ll be storing and providing less water in future. That’s going to leave growing communities and downstream farmers “high and dry,” according to a report from Yale Environment 360. Read More→

Broadband Report Highlights ICT’s Role in Low-Carbon Economy Transformation

A new Broadband Commission report illustrates “the kind of transformative solutions” information and telecommunications (ICT) and broadband technology can provide to mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change. “The Broadband Bridge: Linking ICT with Climate Action for a Low-Carbon Economy” report includes ten recommendations that information and communications (ICT) and other government policy makers can use to “strengthen and hasten the ability of ICT and broadband to accelerate global progress towards the low-carbon economy.”

A new and global policy framework is required in order to address climate change, which the Broadband Commission’s Working Group on Climate Change deems “one of biggest challenges humankind has ever faced.”

“No country will remain untouched: some may experience extreme weather events, others severe drought, or sea level rises resulting in the loss of coastal areas…To contain the most severe risks and consequences…will require substantial reductions in greenhouse gases (GHGs), in particular CO2– a daunting task that can only be achieved with transformation to a low-carbon economy.”

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